> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.cascade.io/cascade/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.cascade.io/cascade/functions-and-expressions/functions/aggregate/covar.md).

# COVAR

COVAR(`series 1`, `series 2`)

Returns the population covariance between two series of values.

### Arguments

| Input      | Description             |
| ---------- | ----------------------- |
| `series 1` | First numerical series  |
| `series 2` | Second numerical series |

### Outputs

Outputs a population covariance.

### Example

{% embed url="<https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/a0lWW/1>" %}